Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that destroys the tissues supporting the tooth, eventually leading to tooth loss.
How does P. gingivalis work?
P. gingivalis has many ways of evading host immune responses which affects its virulence. It does this by using a combination of gingipain proteases, a capsular polysaccharide, induction of host cell proliferation, and the cleavage of chemokines responsible for neutrophil recruitment.
What is Porphyromonas Endodontalis?
Porphyromonas endodontalis (formerly Bacteroides endodontalis) is a black-pigmented anaerobic Gram-negative rod which is associated with endodontal infections. It has been isolated from infected dental root canals and submucous abscesses of endodontal origin.
Where can Porphyromonas gingivalis be found?
The major habitat of P. gingivalis is the subgingival sulcus of the human oral cavity. It relies on the fermentation of amino acids for energy production, a property required for its survival in deep periodontal pocket, where sugar availability is low (Bostanci and Belibasakis, 2012). Being an obligate anaerobe, P.
How does Porphyromonas gingivalis cause periodontitis?
P . gingivalis is a gram-negative oral anaerobe and considered as a main etiological factor in periodontal diseases by producing a number of virulence factors and extracellular proteases such as lipopolysaccharide, fimbria, gingipain etc., resulting in destruction of periodontal tissues (7–11).
How does P gingivalis cause periodontal disease?
What causes gingivalis?
Transient bacteremia of P. gingivalis can occur during common activities such as brushing, flossing, and chewing, as well as during dental procedures (19), resulting in documented translocation to a variety of tissues including coronary arteries (20), placenta (21), and liver (22).
How is Porphyromonas gingivalis treated?
Treatment procedures of P. gingivalis–mediated diseases such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis focus on the eradication of oral pathogens at the site of infection, usually by surface debridement procedures followed by adjunctive therapies, including the use of antiseptics or/and antibiotics [61–66].
Which of the following virulence factors are important concerning periodontitis?
Recent studies have confirmed that LPS, gingipains, and fimbriae/pili are the most important pathogenic substances of P. gingivalis and the most widely studied in the field of periodontitis, and each of these factors play key roles in the progression of periodontitis (Mysak et al., 2014).
