TBK1 (TANK Binding Kinase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TBK1 include Encephalopathy, Acute, Infection-Induced 8 and Frontotemporal Dementia And/Or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 4.
What does TBK1 do?
It is encoded by the TBK1 gene in humans. This kinase is mainly known for its role in innate immunity antiviral response. However, TBK1 also regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and anti-tumor immunity.
What does TBK1 stand for?
TANK-binding kinase 1
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1, also known as T2K/NAK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase of the IKK family of protein kinases that plays a key role in coordinating the activation of IRF3 and NF-κB in the innate immune response after stimulation of TLR3.
Is TBK1 a transcription factor?
Cytosolic DNA engages stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to activate TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which subsequently phosphorylates the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) to promote interferon expression.
What type of protein would phosphorylate TBK?
Specifically, TBK1 phosphorylates autophagy receptor proteins, such as SQSTM1 (p62) and Optineurin (OPTN) (13), which bind to ubiquitinated protein aggregates, damaged organelles, and other toxic cellular components (15, 16).
Which of the following amino acids can be phosphorylated by a kinase?
Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, tyrosine in eukaryotes, and also histidine in prokaryotes and plants (though it is now known to be common in humans).
Where is IRF3 located?
IRF3 is found in an inactive cytoplasmic form that upon serine/threonine phosphorylation forms a complex with CREBBP. The complex translocates into the nucleus for the transcriptional activation of interferons alpha and beta, and further interferon-induced genes.
What are the 3 amino acids that can be phosphorylated?
The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, tyrosine in eukaryotes, and also histidine in prokaryotes and plants (though it is now known to be common in humans). These phosphorylations play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism.
Which amino acids most commonly get phosphorylated?
Phosphorylation is found most commonly on specific serine and threonine amino acid residues in proteins, but it also occurs on tyrosine and other amino acid residues (histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid) as well.
What is IRF3 and IRF7?
IRF3 and IRF7 are critical transcription factors in the innate immune response. Their activation is controlled by phosphorylation events, leading to the formation of homodimers that are transcriptionally active.
How is IRF3 activated?
IRF3 is a transcription factor that controls multiple IFN-inducing pathways, including the TLR3 pathway, which can be triggered by dsRNA, and the pathways triggered by other RNA and DNA sensors. IRF3 is normally activated by TBK1 and/or IKKε kinases.
Which amino acids are phosphorylated?
What is TBK1 (TBK1)?
TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) is an enzyme with kinase activity. Specifically, it is a serine / threonine protein kinase. It is encoded by the TBK1 gene in humans. This kinase is mainly known for its role in innate immunity antiviral response. However, TBK1 also regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and anti- tumor immunity.
How do TBK1 and IKKε prevent TNF-induced cell death?
While exerting only limited effects on TNF-induced gene activation, TBK1 and IKKε are essential to prevent TNF-induced cell death. Mechanistically, TBK1 and IKKε phosphorylate the kinase RIPK1 in the TNFR1-SC, thereby preventing RIPK1-dependent cell death. This activity is essential in vivo, as it prevents TNF-induced lethal shock.
How do IKB kinases activate NFkB?
Phosphorylation of serine residues on the IKB proteins by IKB kinases marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation and nuclear translocation of the NFKB complex. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to IKB kinases and can mediate NFkB activation in response to certain growth factors.
What is the role of TBK1 in oncogenic transformation?
In cancer cells, pathological TBK1 activation promotes oncogenic transformation by suppressing programmed cell death. Mechanistically, the RALB-SEC5/EXOC2-TBK1 signaling cascade seems to participate in both innate immune signaling and cell transformation.
