temporal lobe
The dentate gyrus is found in the temporal lobe, adjacent to the hippocampus. There is not a consensus, however, on how to anatomically demarcate the hippocampus and its neighboring regions, and some sources consider the dentate gyrus to be part of the hippocampus.
What is the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus?
The dentate gyrus has three distinct layers (molecular layer, granule cell layer and polymorphic layer). The molecular layer is relatively cell free and is occupied by the dendrites of the dentate granule cells. The granular layer is the principal layer, and comprises mainly granule cells closely packed together.
Where is the granule cell layer?
cerebellum
Granule cells are found within the granular layer of the cerebellum, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the superficial layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the olfactory bulb, and the cerebral cortex. Cerebellar granule cells account for the majority of neurons in the human brain.
Are there place cells in the dentate gyrus?
Place cells exist in all subfields of the hippocampus and in the dentate gyrus, the subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex. The most specific and confined firing fields are observed in the hippocampus proper.
Is the dentate gyrus part of the limbic system?
The limbic system includes the hippocampal formation, amygdala, septal nuclei, cingulate cortex, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, and parahippocampal cortex. The term hippocampal formation typically refers to the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus proper (i.e., cornu ammonis), and the subicular cortex.
What is in the dentate gyrus?
The dentate gyrus, like the hippocampus, consists of three distinct layers: an outer molecular layer, a middle granule cell layer, and an inner polymorphic layer. The granule layer is between the overlying molecular layer and the underlying hilus (polymorphic layer).
What type of cells are in the dentate gyrus?
The principal cell type of the dentate gyrus is the granule cell (Figs. 4 and 5). The dentate granule cell has an elliptical cell body with a width of approximately 10 μm and a height of 18 μm (Claiborne et al., 1990).
What is the dentate gyrus made up of?
The dentate gyrus, like the hippocampus, consists of three distinct layers: an outer molecular layer, a middle granule cell layer, and an inner polymorphic layer. (In the hippocampus the outer layer is the molecular layer, the middle layer is the pyramidal layer, and the inner layer the stratum oriens).
What are dentate granule cells?
Dentate gyrus granule cells receive excitatory neuron input from the entorhinal cortex and send excitatory output to the hippocampal CA3 region via the mossy fibers. Thus, new neurons are generated and functionally integrated throughout life.
Where are place cells located?
the hippocampus
Place cells are spatially modulated neurons found in the hippocampus that underlie spatial memory and navigation: how these neurons represent 3D space is crucial for a full understanding of spatial cognition.
How do place cells relate to cognitive maps?
Place cells are thought, collectively, to act as a cognitive representation of a specific location in space, known as a cognitive map. Place cells are thought to play an important role in episodic memory. They contain information about the spatial context a memory took place in.
Where is the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus?
The cell body of the dentate pyramidal basket cell, for example, is often located just within the granule cell layer at its border with the polymorphic layer. The granule cell layer encloses a cellular region, the polymorphic cell layer, which constitutes the third layer of the dentate gyrus (Fig.
Where is the dentate pyramidal basket cell located?
The dentate pyramidal basket cell is often found on the border between the granular and the polymorphic layer. The polymorphic layer itself lies within the granule cell layer. The most abundant cells found here are the mossy cells. The ‘CA3 field’ of the hippocampus is the ultimate destination of the neurons that arise from the dentate gyrus.
What is the function of the dentate gyrus in memory?
While the CA3 subfield is involved in encoding, storage, and retrieval of memory, the dentate gyrus is important in pattern separation. When information enters via the perforant path, the dentate gyrus separates very similar information into distinct and unique details.
Is there neurogenesis in the adult human dentate gyrus?
However, whether significant neurogenesis exists in the adult human dentate gyrus has been a matter of debate. 2019 evidence has shown that adult neurogenesis does take place in the subventricular zone and in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Location of the dentate gyrus and relations to other structures.
